{"id":3567,"date":"2019-12-21T05:51:37","date_gmt":"2019-12-21T02:51:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.polyurethan.ru\/?p=3567"},"modified":"2021-01-28T12:35:10","modified_gmt":"2021-01-28T09:35:10","slug":"nabout-polyurethane-chemistry","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.polyurethan.ru\/es\/2019\/12\/21\/nabout-polyurethane-chemistry\/","title":{"rendered":"Un poco sobre poliuretano | Parte 3. Qu\u00edmica"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>En la introducci\u00f3n, dije que los poliuretanos son diferentes desde un punto de vista qu\u00edmico. Quiz\u00e1s, vale la pena mencionar brevemente la qu\u00edmica de los poliuretanos utilizados en nuestra producci\u00f3n junto con sus caracter\u00edsticas f\u00edsicas y mec\u00e1nicas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.polyurethan.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/titl.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9552\" width=\"327\" height=\"280\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.polyurethan.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/titl.jpg?v=1617729924 654w, https:\/\/blog.polyurethan.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/titl-300x257.jpg?v=1617729924 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 327px) 100vw, 327px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Bueno, en\nprimer lugar, siempre tenemos el componente de isocianato <strong>MDI<\/strong>: metilen difenil diisocianato, esta es una de las tres fuentes\nm\u00e1s comunes de grupos isocianato.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>El segundo\nes el <strong>TDI<\/strong>, que es extremadamente\nda\u00f1ino en el procesamiento y no muy tecnol\u00f3gico, sin embargo, los poliuretanos\nfabricados en \u00e9l han sido ampliamente utilizados en Rusia desde la \u00e9poca\nsovi\u00e9tica. Es m\u00e1s barato, pero decidimos que ser\u00eda mejor para nosotros tener ruedas\nsaludables que ahorrar centavos en materias primas. Adem\u00e1s, el TDI generalmente\nest\u00e1 prohibido para su procesamiento en pa\u00edses civilizados, y tambi\u00e9n puede\nprohibirse en nuestro pa\u00eds, por lo que contactarlo es arriesgado.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La tercera\nopci\u00f3n es el <strong>NDI<\/strong>, las composiciones\nbasadas en \u00e9l tienen una serie de caracter\u00edsticas \u00fanicas (por ejemplo, la\ndeformaci\u00f3n residual es m\u00ednima y puede soportar cargas muy altas de choque y\ncompresi\u00f3n), pero es extremadamente dif\u00edcil de procesar. Hay docenas de otras\nvariantes de componentes de isocianato, desde IDI y GDI obsoletos hasta\ntriisocianatos arom\u00e1ticos experimentales, pero todo esto es ex\u00f3tico: seg\u00fan\nWikipedia, juntos ocupan un peque\u00f1o porcentaje del mercado.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>El segundo\ncomponente de los poliuretanos es el poliol, y las opciones tambi\u00e9n son\nposibles aqu\u00ed. En general, los polioles pueden dividirse en polioles basados\n\u200b\u200ben poli\u00e9steres simples y complejos, mientras que el poliuretano basado en el\nprimero ser\u00e1 m\u00e1s el\u00e1stico y, en base al \u00faltimo, m\u00e1s duradero con la misma\ndureza.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Producimos\nautopartes a partir de ambos, dependiendo de la aplicabilidad: si la pieza est\u00e1\nsujeta a grandes deformaciones constantes y tiene un espesor peque\u00f1o, como\nresultado de lo cual estalla en condiciones siberianas severas (por ejemplo,\nanteras o abrochando el cap\u00f3 de una moto de nieve), tomamos la composici\u00f3n en\nbase a una simple, si la parte experimenta cargas elevadas, en base a una\ncompleja, si quieres un poco de todo, y las propiedades extremas son\nirrelevantes, tomamos la mezcla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>El tercer\ncomponente es un reticulante transversal, un alcohol polih\u00eddrico capaz de hacer\n&#8220;puentes&#8221; entre las cadenas del pol\u00edmero principal. Determina la\ndureza del material, m\u00e1s puentes, m\u00e1s dureza. Desafortunadamente, el\nreticulante m\u00e1s com\u00fan del mundo, el 1,4-butanodiol (BDO), tambi\u00e9n es un\nprecursor, por lo que su distribuci\u00f3n en Rusia es limitada y la mayor\u00eda de los\nprocesadores nunca lo encuentran en su forma pura. Muy a menudo, los\nfabricantes de productos de poliuretano reciben mezclas de poliol preparadas\ncon un reticulante, perdiendo la capacidad de cambiar r\u00e1pidamente la dureza del\nproducto resultante. Tenemos permiso para usar BDO, y lo usamos, por lo que\nte\u00f3ricamente podemos fabricar poliuretano de cualquier dureza dentro de l\u00edmites\nrazonables (de 40 a 99 Shore A).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tambi\u00e9n hay\nuna serie de componentes adicionales: catalizadores, inhibidores,\nplastificantes, copol\u00edmeros, pigmentos, etc., pero tal vez ya no tengan sentido\nconsiderarlos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button aligncenter\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color has-background\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.polyurethan.ru\/2019\/12\/21\/about-polyurethane-technology\/\"> Leer m\u00e1s Parte 4 <\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>los poliuretanos son diferentes desde un punto de vista qu\u00edmico. Quiz\u00e1s, vale la pena mencionar brevemente la qu\u00edmica de los poliuretanos utilizados en nuestra producci\u00f3n junto con sus caracter\u00edsticas f\u00edsicas y mec\u00e1nicas.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2864,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3567","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-about-polyurethane-and-other-materials"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"es","enabled_languages":["ru","en","es"],"languages":{"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":true},"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":true},"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":true}}},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Polyurethane blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"los poliuretanos son diferentes desde un punto de vista qu\u00edmico. 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