{"id":3592,"date":"2019-12-21T06:36:49","date_gmt":"2019-12-21T03:36:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.polyurethan.ru\/?p=3592"},"modified":"2021-01-28T14:43:50","modified_gmt":"2021-01-28T11:43:50","slug":"about-polyurethane-technology","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.polyurethan.ru\/es\/2019\/12\/21\/about-polyurethane-technology\/","title":{"rendered":"Un poco sobre poliuretano | Parte 4. Tecnolog\u00eda"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cuarta\nparte, tecnolog\u00eda.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>En el caso\ngeneral, los poliuretanos son termoestables, es decir, para obtener la\nsustancia final, es necesario llevar a cabo una reacci\u00f3n qu\u00edmica de varios\ncomponentes. Debido a la incre\u00edble diversidad, estos componentes pueden ser\ndiferentes, puede parecer que no est\u00e1n all\u00ed (la espuma de poliuretano se\npolimeriza con la humedad del aire, que activa el segundo componente hasta que\nno haya reacci\u00f3n de humedad, aunque ambos componentes se mezclan), la reacci\u00f3n\nse puede llevar a cabo en varias etapas, de las cuales Pasar parte en la\nf\u00e1brica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En algunos\ncasos, los poliuretanos se procesan manualmente y pr\u00e1cticamente no tienen\nrequisitos de tecnolog\u00eda de precisi\u00f3n, por ejemplo, el poliuretano para los\nmodelos se suministra en latas que se mezclan en una proporci\u00f3n 1: 1 por\nvolumen &#8220;a ojo&#8221;, se fusionan y &#8220;mezclan completamente&#8221; en\ncondiciones normales. El resultado obtenido es sin duda el poliuretano, y su\nresistencia, dureza, estabilidad y otros par\u00e1metros f\u00edsicos satisfacen muchas\naplicaciones, por ejemplo, la producci\u00f3n de moldes para figuritas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pero\ndesafortunadamente, tal n\u00famero no funciona con autopartes (y especialmente\nproductos industriales): la precisi\u00f3n de dosificaci\u00f3n requerida\n(estequiometr\u00eda) es de d\u00e9cimas de porcentaje, y cuando la proporci\u00f3n de la\nmezcla se desplaza por una d\u00e9cima de porcentaje, las desviaciones en los\n\u00edndices fisicomec\u00e1nicos pueden alcanzar decenas de por ciento. En peque\u00f1as\ncantidades de componentes, el papel lo juegan las cent\u00e9simas de gramo, lo que\nparece posible capturar en una balanza de farmacia, pero es imposible\ntransferir la misma cantidad de un contenedor a otro, y a\u00fan m\u00e1s mezclarlo al\n100%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La\npreparaci\u00f3n de materiales para autopartes es una historia separada, algunos\ncomponentes requieren calentamiento (pero no sobrecalentamiento), mezcla,\nfiltrado, etc. Mezclar los componentes tambi\u00e9n es solo hardware y solo en la\ntransmisi\u00f3n, es posible la mezcla manual, pero este es un proceso de varias etapas\nbastante complejo, que solo recuerda vagamente la mezcla de YouTube en un vaso\ncon una varita. Pero el resultado es notablemente diferente del obtenido por\nautodidacta en garajes: las piezas resultantes son m\u00e1s fuertes, m\u00e1s duraderas y\nm\u00e1s estables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La tecnolog\u00eda\nde fabricaci\u00f3n de espumas de poliuretano (tanto blandas como duras) tambi\u00e9n es\ndiferente: hay espumas para el hogar \/ construcci\u00f3n que no requieren\nherramientas y m\u00e9todos especiales, pero hay espumas industriales que no son\nmenos dif\u00edciles de fabricar que los elast\u00f3meros. Te\u00f3ricamente, el equipo de\nprocesamiento de espuma se puede procesar en equipos para procesar poliuretanos\nelastom\u00e9ricos; en la pr\u00e1ctica, es mejor no hacerlo. Por el momento, no\nreciclamos la espuma y no vamos a hacerlo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-2 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-2 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"680\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.polyurethan.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/dsc_3109-1024x680-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"9561\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/blog.polyurethan.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/dsc_3109-1024x680-1.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/blog.polyurethan.ru\/2019\/12\/21\/about-polyurethane-technology\/dsc_3109-1024x680-1\/\" class=\"wp-image-9561\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.polyurethan.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/dsc_3109-1024x680-1.jpg?v=1617729923 1024w, https:\/\/blog.polyurethan.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/dsc_3109-1024x680-1-300x199.jpg?v=1617729923 300w, https:\/\/blog.polyurethan.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/dsc_3109-1024x680-1-768x510.jpg?v=1617729923 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"680\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.polyurethan.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/dsc_1452-1024x680-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"9560\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/blog.polyurethan.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/dsc_1452-1024x680-1.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/blog.polyurethan.ru\/2019\/12\/21\/about-polyurethane-technology\/dsc_1452-1024x680-1\/\" class=\"wp-image-9560\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.polyurethan.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/dsc_1452-1024x680-1.jpg?v=1617729923 1024w, https:\/\/blog.polyurethan.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/dsc_1452-1024x680-1-300x199.jpg?v=1617729923 300w, https:\/\/blog.polyurethan.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/dsc_1452-1024x680-1-768x510.jpg?v=1617729923 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Una clase\nseparada de tecnolog\u00edas es el procesamiento de poliuretanos termopl\u00e1sticos\n(TPU). Hay 3 aspectos a considerar. En primer lugar, las materias primas para\nTPU todav\u00eda se obtienen por la reacci\u00f3n primaria de un termoestable. En segundo\nlugar, en el procesamiento, el TPU elastom\u00e9rico es uno de los termopl\u00e1sticos\nm\u00e1s caprichosos; empeora considerablemente las propiedades f\u00edsicas cuando se\nagregan otros componentes y el modo fluct\u00faa. Y en tercer lugar, el\nprocesamiento en una m\u00e1quina autom\u00e1tica termopl\u00e1stica de productos masivos en\ns\u00ed mismo es bastante complicado.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Existen\ncomposiciones especiales con poliuretano para el procesamiento termopl\u00e1stico,\npor ejemplo, para la fabricaci\u00f3n de productos de cable: han introducido muchos\naditivos diferentes solo para simplificar el procesamiento, pero las\npropiedades f\u00edsicas y mec\u00e1nicas, por supuesto, se est\u00e1n deteriorando. Los\nprocesadores inescrupulosos (o simplemente inexpertos) tambi\u00e9n usan TPU\ninapropiados para la producci\u00f3n de nuestros grupos de productos: anteras, bujes,\nbloques silenciosos, etc., con un resultado predecible: la gente intenta,\nescupe y llega a una conclusi\u00f3n inadecuada de que &#8220;PU no me\nconviene&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tambi\u00e9n\nnoto que la tecnolog\u00eda de fundici\u00f3n de nuestros materiales tiene sus\nlimitaciones. Entonces, la reacci\u00f3n es exot\u00e9rmica (viene con la liberaci\u00f3n de\ncalor), y el corredor de temperatura de la reacci\u00f3n es peque\u00f1o, por lo que sin\ncambiar la qu\u00edmica (con una disminuci\u00f3n en las caracter\u00edsticas f\u00edsicas) es\nimposible llenar productos masivos con un gran espesor. Las capas demasiado\ndelgadas tambi\u00e9n son malas, con un espesor de pared de menos de 2 mm, las\nfuerzas capilares comienzan a desempe\u00f1ar un papel y el material puede no\nderramarse. Dado que los procesos de polimerizaci\u00f3n no ocurren en condiciones\nambientales, las dimensiones f\u00edsicas m\u00e1ximas tambi\u00e9n est\u00e1n limitadas por el\nequipo disponible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusi\u00f3n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Realmente espero que despu\u00e9s de leer este art\u00edculo, los lectores entiendan 2 cosas principales:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>El poliuretano no es un concepto homog\u00e9neo<\/strong>, hay miles de poliuretanos diferentes, para cada tarea puede elegir el poliuretano correcto e incorrecto. No haga una conclusi\u00f3n sobre todo el poliuretano de acuerdo con una mala experiencia o un conjunto de revisiones. Sin embargo, lo contrario tambi\u00e9n es cierto: no debe extender la experiencia exitosa con nuestras piezas de autom\u00f3viles a todo el poliuretano en general.<\/li><li><strong>La producci\u00f3n de repuestos elastom\u00e9ricos de poliuretano difiere de los videos de YouTube sobre poliuretano<\/strong>. Y si decide echar un par de bujes en su garaje, no espere obtener un excelente resultado de inmediato: para competir con los fabricantes establecidos, tendr\u00e1 que recorrer un camino largo y espinoso, quemando m\u00e1s de una docena de millones de rublos para equipos, materiales y experimentos.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.polyurethan.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/11-e1576900985698-1024x746.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3624\" width=\"512\" height=\"373\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.polyurethan.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/11-e1576900985698-1024x746.jpg?v=1617730408 1024w, https:\/\/blog.polyurethan.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/11-e1576900985698-300x219.jpg?v=1617730408 300w, https:\/\/blog.polyurethan.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/11-e1576900985698-768x559.jpg?v=1617730408 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>En el caso general, los poliuretanos son termoestables, es decir, para obtener la sustancia final, es necesario llevar a cabo una reacci\u00f3n qu\u00edmica de varios componentes.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3624,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3592","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-about-polyurethane-and-other-materials"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"es","enabled_languages":["ru","en","es"],"languages":{"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":true},"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":true},"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":true}}},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Un poco sobre poliuretano<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"En el caso general, los poliuretanos son termoestables, es decir, para obtener la sustancia final, es necesario llevar a cabo una reacci\u00f3n qu\u00edmica de varios componentes.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.polyurethan.ru\/2019\/12\/21\/about-polyurethane-technology\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Un poco sobre poliuretano\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"En el caso general, los poliuretanos son termoestables, es decir, para obtener la sustancia final, es necesario llevar a cabo una reacci\u00f3n qu\u00edmica de varios componentes.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/blog.polyurethan.ru\/2019\/12\/21\/about-polyurethane-technology\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Polyurethane blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Siberian-Suspension-477058185700103\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-12-21T03:36:49+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-01-28T11:43:50+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/blog.polyurethan.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/11-e1576900985698.jpg?v=1617730408\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"3738\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"2723\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"polyurethan\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"polyurethan\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tiempo de lectura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"9 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blog.polyurethan.ru\/2019\/12\/21\/about-polyurethane-technology\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blog.polyurethan.ru\/2019\/12\/21\/about-polyurethane-technology\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"polyurethan\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blog.polyurethan.ru\/#\/schema\/person\/18b3a286d14b2dcac1e2bac012f06494\"},\"headline\":\"Un poco sobre poliuretano | Parte 4. 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